FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF USER GUIDE
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF USER MANUAL
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FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF OWNER MANUAL
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF REFERENCE GUIDE
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF INSTRUCTION GUIDE
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF REFERENCE MANUAL
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FREE ENGLISH HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
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HARMAN DBX 160SL (01) PDF SUMMARY:
How should the apparatus be cleaned?
Clean only with a dry cloth.
What should you NOT do with the ventilation openings?
Do not block any of the ventilation openings.
What should you do during lightning storms or when the apparatus is unused for long periods of time?
Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.
What should you do if the provided plug does not fit your outlet?
If the provided plug does not fit your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.
What should you do if the apparatus has been damaged in any way?
Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
What should you do if the equipment has a Power switch?
If the equipment has a Power switch, the Power switch used in this piece of equipment DOES NOT break the connection from the mains.
What is the requirement for rack-mount or installation where the plug is not accessible?
For rack-mount or installation where plug is not accessible, an all-pole mains switch with a contact separation of at least 3 mm in each pole shall be incorporated into the electrical installation of the rack or building.
What should you do when replacing a fuse in units equipped with an externally accessible fuse receptacle?
Replace fuse with same type and rating only.
What may be required for equipment with multiple-input voltage?
This equipment may require the use of a different line cord, attachment plug, or both, depending on the available power source at installation. Connect this equipment only to the power source indicated on the equipment rear panel.
To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, what should you do?
To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, refer servicing to qualified service personnel or equivalent.
What kind of power cord should be used if connected to a 240v supply?
If connected to 240v supply, a suitable CSA/UL certified power cord shall be used for this supply.
To what kind of mains socket outlet should the appliance be connected?
This appliance shall be connected to a mains socket outlet with a protective earthing connection.
What do the colors of the cores in the mains lead indicate?
The cores in the mains lead are colored in accordance with the following code: GREEN and YELLOW – Earth, BLUE – Neutral, BROWN – Live.
What should you do if the attachment plug needs to be changed?
If the attachment plug needs to be changed, refer servicing to qualified service personnel who should refer to the table below. The green/yellow wire shall be connected directly to the units chassis.
What could result if the ground is defeated?
If the ground is defeated, certain fault conditions in the unit or in the system to which it is connected can result in full line voltage between chassis and earth ground. Severe injury or death can then result if the chassis and earth ground are touched simultaneously.
What do the symbols on the unit warn of?
The symbols shown above are internationally accepted symbols that warn of potential hazards with electrical products. The lightning flash with arrow point in an equilateral triangle means that there are dangerous voltages present within the unit. The exclamation point in an equilateral triangle indicates that it is necessary for the user to refer to the owner’s manual. These symbols warn that there are no user serviceable parts inside the unit.
What should you NOT do with the unit?
Do not open the unit. Do not attempt to service the unit yourself. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. Opening the chassis for any reason will void the manufacturer’s warranty. Do not get the unit wet.
What should you do if liquid is spilled on the unit?
If liquid is spilled on the unit, shut it off immediately and take it to a dealer for service.
What should you do to prevent damage during storms?
Disconnect the unit during storms to prevent damage.
What should you do with a molded mains plug that has been cut off from the cord?
A molded mains plug that has been cut off from the cord is unsafe. Discard the mains plug at a suitable disposal facility. NEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU INSERT A DAMAGED OR CUT MAINS PLUG INTO A 13 AMP POWER SOCKET.
What should you NOT do with the mains plug?
Do not use the mains plug without the fuse cover in place.
What kind of replacement fuses should you use?
Replacement fuses are 13 amps and must be ASTA approved to BS1362.
If you want to dispose of the product, what should you do?
If you want to dispose of this product, do not mix it with general household waste. There is a separate collection system for used electronic products in accordance with legislation that requires proper treatment, recovery and recycling.
Where may private households in the 25 member states of the EU, in Switzerland and Norway return their used electronic products free of charge?
Private household in the 25 member states of the EU, in Switzerland and Norway may return their used electronic products free of charge to designated collection facilities or to a retailer (if you purchase a similar new one).
What should countries not mentioned above do for a correct method of disposal?
For Countries not mentioned above, please contact your local authorities for a correct method of disposal.
How can you connect the 160SL for operation?
The 160SL is connected for operation using the rear panel XLR connectors. Note that the two rear panel input sections have a push-switch which lifts the contact on pin #1 (ground). Keep this switch in the OFF position (pin 1 connected) until all connections are made. Be sure that your input and output cables are wired in the “pin-hot” configuration, which is printed on the rear panel of the 160SL. For more information on other types of connections, refer to the section entitled Operating Notes.
What steps should you follow when connecting the 160SL?
When connecting the 160SL, refer to the following steps:
- Turn OFF all equipment BEFORE making any connections.
- Mount the 160SL in a 2U rack space (Optional).
- Make connections via XLR connectors.
- Plug in the AC power cable and power ON the unit.
What height and width does the 160SL require?
The 160SL requires a two rack-space height and a standard 19-inch rack-space width.
Where can the 160SL be mounted?
It can be mounted above or below anything that doesn’t create excessive heat, since it requires no special ventilation.
What is the caution regarding the cover of the 160SL?
Never remove the cover. There are no user serviceable parts inside.
What should you check regarding the line voltage?
Check the line voltage printed on the rear panel of the 160SL and verify that it is correct for your area.
What are the two basic compressor setups?
Two Basic Compressor Setups:
A: Channel One shows processing of a group or aux master output. Signal goes to the 160SL input from the output/insert send of the console, and returns to the console via the input/insert return of the same group/aux on the console.
B: Channel Two shows connections for processing a signal from a single channel. Input of the 160SL is fed by the channel insert output/send, and returns to the console via the insert input/return.
What does the OverEasy® Switch do?
This switch activates/deactivates the OverEasy® characteristics of the 160SL. When the switch is IN, the 160SL is in OverEasy mode. OverEasy is a process that allows the user to compress a signal more gently than a hard knee compressor through the threshold region. This action produces a much smoother “natural-sounding” compression effect. When the OverEasy switch is OUT, the regular, hard knee action of the compressor is active. Hard knee operation can produce a much harder (hence the nick-name “hard knee”) compression effect as the signal passes over the threshold level. When the OverEasy switch is IN, the yellow LED above the Threshold control lights whenever the input signal level is in the OverEasy region of compression. In hard knee mode the signal is either below the threshold and not being compressed, or it is above the threshold and is being compressed, and therefore the yellow LED does not light…
What does the Threshold Control do?
This control adjusts the signal amplitude (volume, or level) above which compression occurs. In OverEasy mode the threshold of compression is defined as the approximate middle of the OverEasy region. The markings around the Threshold control are measured in dBu (where 0dBu = .775V) and range from -40dBu (7.8mV rms) on the low end, to +30dBu (24.5V rms) at the high end of the scale.
What do the Threshold LEDs indicate?
These LEDs (above the Threshold control) indicate the relationship between the input signal and the threshold set by the Threshold control. The green LED lights when the input signal is below the set threshold. The yellow LED lights when the 160SL is set in OverEasy mode via the OverEasy switch, and the input signal level is in the OverEasy threshold range. The red LED lights when the input signal level is above the set threshold.
What does the Compression Control do?
This control adjusts the amount of compression that is applied to the input signal level when it exceeds the set threshold level. The amount of compression is expressed in a ratio formula, where the first number of the ratio indicates the amount of input signal level in dB, and the second number indicates the amount of output signal level, in dB, when the threshold is exceeded. For example, in hard knee mode, the compression ratio of 5:1 means that for every 5dB of signal level that exceeds the set threshold level, the resultant output signal level is 1dB. Therefore if the threshold level is exceeded by 15dB, and the compression ratio is set to a 5:1 ratio, the output signal level will be 3dB. In OverEasy mode, the ratio set by the Compression control is not reached until the signal has passed through the OverEasy region of compression (the yellow LED turns off and the red LED lights).
When may a compressor be considered to be LIMITING the input signal?
When the ratio of ∞:1 is selected, the input signal level is “limited” to a 0dB increase in output level, regardless of how far the set threshold level is exceeded. This occurs in both OverEasy® and hard knee operation. Note that when a compressor is set to a compression ratio of 10:1 or more, it may be considered to be LIMITING the input signal, especially when a fast attack time is selected.
What does the Auto Switch do?
This switch sets the 160SL for automatic or manual operation. When the Auto switch is IN (Auto mode), the compressor automatically adjusts its attack rate and release time to suit the program envelope. (This Auto mode sets the compressor for the same attack and release characteristics as dbx Models 160, 161, 162, 163 and 164 compressor/limiters.) When the Auto switch is OUT (manual mode), the front panel Attack and Release rate controls determine the maximum rate of gain change and the behavior of the level detector circuitry.
What does the 160SL utilize in Auto mode?
In Auto mode, the 160SL utilizes the patented dbx RMS level detector with its program-dependent attack/ release characteristics to obtain natural-sounding compression or limiting. For special effects and certain signal situations, however, it is often desirable to set fixed attack and release characteristics. Manual mode affords this capability.
For what is the Auto mode recommended?
The Auto mode is recommended for vocals as well as instruments. Because the Auto mode has a program-dependent variable attack rate, the compressor may compress or limit some program material smoother than in the manual mode which has a fixed attack characteristic. This is especially true on vocals.
What do the Attack and Release Controls do?
Attack time is defined as the time taken for a compressor to respond to program levels which have exceeded the threshold point. For the 160SL, this control ranges from 400dB/mS (extremely fast) to 1dB/mS. Release time is the amount of time a compressor takes to return the program level to its original level, after the last excursion over the threshold point. The 160SL’s release times range from 4000dB/second (very fast release time), to 10dB/second (slow release time).
What will a very fast attack setting cause the compressor to do?
A very fast attack setting (control maximum counterclockwise) will cause the compressor to act like a peak limiter even though RMS detection circuitry is used. Slower attack settings cause the compressor to act like an RMS or averaging detecting compressor/limiter.
How can you achieve inaudible compression?
To achieve inaudible compression, it is advisable to work with program dependent attack and release times (Auto mode). The advantage of program dependent compression is most apparent when processing musical material that is varied.
What is generally best for compression in order to keep the overall output signal within a specified dynamic range?
For compression, longer attack and release times are generally the best in order to keep the overall output signal within a specified dynamic range. For limiting applications, considerably shorter attack and release times are necessary to control fast transient signals or to increase headroom.
What does the Stop Level Control do?
This control adjusts the maximum peak output level of the 160SL regardless of any other control. The PeakStop limiter comes after the compression and all other circuitry, except the output gain; this provides for an absolute peak limit to be put on the peak excursions at the output via the Instantaneous Transient Clamp™.
What is the scale of the Stop Level control measured in?
Like the range of the Threshold control, the scale of the Stop Level control is measured in dBu. The control ranges from +4dBu, all the way to “OFF” (+30dBu). The top end of the scale is marked “OFF” because its internal setting, +30dBu, is the actual maximum output level of the 160SL, and therefore signal passing through the unit will pass untouched, up to the maximum output level of the 160SL. Because of this, the limiter is effectively rendered “inactive” in the OFF setting.
What does the PeakStopPlus™ Switch and LED do?
The dynamics of the dbx 160SL are set to handle fast transients through PeakStop® limiting and the newer PeakStopPlus™. PeakStop is the process first introduced on the dbx 165A compressor/limiter, which is still very popular today. PeakStop is made up of an extremely fast-reacting detector, called Instantaneous Transient Clamp.
What does the bi-color LED associated with both the Stop Level control and the PeakStopPlus switch indicate?
A bi-color LED associated with both the Stop Level control and the PeakStopPlus switch indicates when PeakStopPlus is activated. By pushing the PeakStopPlus switch to the IN position, the LED lights in a green color when the signal level at the limiter circuit is BELOW the stop level set by the Stop Level control. When the signal level attempts to exceed the level set by the Stop Level control, the LED lights in a red color.
What happens when the limiter is in PeakStop mode?
When the limiter is in PeakStop mode, the LED does not light in a green color, and only lights in a red color when the signal attempts to exceed the set stop level, showing that the signal is being reduced in level by the limiter.
What does the Sidechain Switch and LED do?
This switch/LED provides access/visual feedback to the sidechain control. When the switch is IN, the LED is lit, and the 160SL is operating in sidechain mode. This means that the compressor is set react to the audio signal presented at the Sidechain Return connector, rather than to the audio signal presented at the regular audio input of the 160SL.
What does the Bypass Switch and LED do?
This switch activates a hard-wire relay bypass system, which allows the audio signal to pass through the compressor directly from input to output, even when the 160SL is turned off. That is to say that the XLR Pin 2 at the input connector is directly connected to the XLR Pin 2 at the output connector, and the XLR Pin 3 at the input connector is directly connected to the XLR Pin 3 at the output connector. When the 160SL is in bypass mode the LED directly above the Bypass switch is lit.
What does the Output Gain Control do?
This control adjusts the amount of gain in the 160SL’s output amplifier stage. The signal can be attenuated or boosted by a full 20dB relative to a “0” center setting, representing unity gain. This control is independent of the threshold or compression ratio settings. Because 20dB of gain can be added at the 160SL output, it is possible to cause clipping even when the input level is within the specified range.
When does the Peak LED light?
The Peak LED is located to the left of the VU Meter. It is set to light when the signal level at the output level reaches +27dBu. This represents a headroom measurement of approximately 3dB before hard clipping will occur, due to the maximum output level of the 160SL (+30dBu).
What are the three different functions of the VU Meter?
The custom designed analog meter is made to serve 3 different functions: first, it measures the amount of input signal presented at the input connector corresponding to its channel. Second, it measures the output signal at the output connector, after all processing has taken place, including output gain. Third, it shows the amount of gain reduction being induced into the input signal, measured after both the compressor settings and limiter settings.
What does the meter do in Gain Reduction mode?
In Gain Reduction mode, the meter moves to indicate the amount of gain reduction, in dB, the compressor/limiter settings are imposing on the output signal. When first activated, the meter’s needle will jump to the “0” mark of the lower scale on the meter (only if there is no gain reduction happening), indicating “zero gain reduction”, and will move to the left indicating the amount of gain reduction in the signal level, up to a maximum of 30dB of gain reduction.
What happens when the Input Meter Selection Switch is selected?
Selecting this mode via the switch allows the user to monitor the incoming signal on the logarithmic (upper) scale of the VU meter. When in input mode, the LED above the switch will light in a green color, indicating that input mode is selected.
What happens when the Output Meter Selection Switch is selected?
Selecting this mode via the switch allows the user to monitor the outgoing signal on the logarithmic (upper) scale of the VU meter. When in output mode, the LED above the switch will light in a yellow color, indicating that output mode is selected.
What happens when the Gain Reduction Meter Selection Switch is selected?
Selecting this mode via the switch allows the user to monitor the amount of gain reduction in dB, applied to the signal on the linear (lower) scale of the VU meter. When in gain reduction mode, the LED above the switch will light in a red color, indicating that gain reduction mode is selected. In gain reduction mode the meter displays the amount of gain reduction resulting from the settings of both the compressor and PeakStopPlus limiter.
What does the Stereo Couple Switch and LED do?
This switch activates the stereo linkage between channels one and two. When the switch is in the IN position, the two channels of the 160SL are linked together, and the oversized yellow LED directly above the switch lights to indicate the selection. In stereo mode channel one (the left side of the 160SL) is the “master” and channel two (the right side of the 160SL) is the “slave”. When the two channels are linked together, the controls on the master side control the settings of both channels of the 160SL. The controls on the slave side are disabled, although the meter moves synchronous to the meter on the master side. In stereo mode, the 160SL uses a process called True RMS Power Summing™. True RMS Power Summing combines the RMS signal energy (power) of the audio signal of both channels and allows the 160SL to operate based on the signal information from both the right an left channels of audio signal.
What does the Power LED indicate?
The Power LED is located directly above the Stereo Couple switch, at the center point of the 160SL. It is a custom designed oversized, blue LED, in keeping with the dbx Blue Series concept of innovative engineering, and revolutionary design. It remains lit while the 160SL is connected to an appropriate power supply, and the Power switch is in the ON position.
How do I connect audio input and output connectors?
Each audio input connector on the rear panel is a gold-plated Neutrik® XLR female connector. The connectors are wired in balanced mode (pin 2 hot, AES convention), although supplying an unbalanced signal presents no difficulty.
What is the Pin 1 Lift Switch and when should it be used?
Associated with each input connector is a switch labeled Pin 1 Lift. Depressing this switch lifts pin 1 of the input XLR from all ground references, which may be necessary to break a troublesome ground loop causing hum in the system.
What does the Unbalance switch do?
The Unbalance switch is associated only with the Output connectors. When it is in the IN position, the output is switched from balanced to unbalanced. In the OUT position, the outputs are balanced in the “pin 2 hot” configuration. When the output is unbalanced via the switch, there is a 6dB drop in output signal level. If you do not wish to experience the 6dB drop in output signal level, you may short pin 3 of the output cable to ground, rather than using the Unbalance switch.
What is the purpose of the Ground switch?
When in the IN position, the Ground switch references the center tap of the output transformer to the chassis ground. This ensures that the signal, regardless of previous grounding systems earlier in the audio chain, can deliver a chassis-grounded output signal free of hum and interference to the output connector. The combination of the three switches associated with the audio input/output connectors ensures that the 160SL is versatile enough to interface with any equipment and can deliver clean audio to the output, free of hum and interference.
What are the Sidechain Send and Return Connectors used for?
When the front panel Sidechain switch is in the IN position, the RMS level detection is “listening” to the audio signal presented at the Sidechain Return connector. Each channel features separate sidechain capabilities using the same quality gold-plated Neutrik® XLR connectors as for the main audio input and output connections. Each channel’s sidechain connections are marked “send” for the output and “return” for the input. Input and output cables may be permanently installed here without disrupting the normal signal path; sidechain functions are only active and available while the unit is in sidechain mode, selected from the front panel.
When selected, the sidechain Send connector (XLR male) “sends” the audio signal to the outboard gear in the sidechain loop. The audio is processed and sent from the output of that device back via the Return connector (XLR female). As the signal is brought back, its RMS level is used to trigger the compression/limiting. This allows the 160SL to be very versatile in many applications, from ducking to frequency-specific compression or limiting. Two separate cables are used in favor of the conventional single “Y” cable because they supply balanced signal to the sidechain gear and are much more convenient to locate and use in a fast-paced studio or live sound environment. The signal path of the sidechain function is “relay-selected” to keep the signal path short and clean.
What is the purpose of the Chassis Ground binding post?
The green Chassis Ground binding post gives the user another method to provide comprehensive grounding options for any installation. The post allows the chassis ground to be connected to another ground source if desired (i.e., a chassis ground system provided by another piece of gear). Wire may be connected to the binding post by securing the stripped end of the wire through the hole in the post, located under the hardened plastic nut-top of the post. Access to the hole is gained by unscrewing the top part of the post far enough to reveal the hole underneath. Insert the stripped end of the wire and tighten the top (nut) part of the binding post to secure the connection.
What is the purpose of the Signal Ground binding post?
The black Signal Ground binding post is located next to the Chassis Ground binding post and works in much the same way, providing comprehensive grounding options for any installation. The Signal Ground binding post allows easy access to the signal ground system without having to remove the cover.
Should the shorting link between chassis ground and signal ground be left installed?
Typically, the shorting link between chassis ground and signal ground should be left installed unless another grounding scheme is used.
How do I use the AC Power switch?
The AC Power switch turns the 160SL ON and OFF. When the switch is in the DOWN position, revealing the red portion of the switch, the AC power is ON. When the switch is in the UP position, no AC power is being supplied, regardless of other power connections.
How do I connect the AC Power connector?
The AC Power connector is a standard IEC 320 power inlet receptacle, for use with any IEC-type power cord (included). Connect this cable to any 50Hz or 60Hz AC power source of the correct line voltage for your area. Make sure this voltage is also correct for the voltage marked on the back. Always make AC power connections with the AC power switch in the OFF position. The 160SL consumes a maximum power of 50 watts.
What should I verify regarding power before connecting the unit?
Be sure to verify both your actual line voltage and the voltage for which your 160SL is wired, as indicated on the back panel of the unit. Connection to an inappropriate power source may result in extensive damage not covered by the warranty.
What is the purpose of the Output Option Panel?
This panel is removed when an output option card is installed. Connecting a custom-designed digital output module in the option port provides full 24-bit AES/EBU and S/PDIF output capabilities. The digital outputs operate simultaneously with the analog outputs, providing the possibility of running to three different devices at the same time: analog, AES/EBU, and S/PDIF.
How does OverEasy® compression work compared to hard-knee compression?
In a typical hard-knee compressor, the threshold control sets a reference level above which input signals will be attenuated as defined by the Compression ratio control. Input signals below this level pass through unprocessed. With OverEasy compression, signals begin to gradually activate the gain change circuitry as they approach the threshold reference level, and they are not fully processed as defined by the Compression control until they have passed somewhat above the threshold reference level. There is no distinct point at which processing begins, and the threshold setting corresponds to a point on the input/output transfer curve midway between the onset of processing and that point at which the transfer curve corresponds to the setting of the Compression control.
How does the Compression control work?
When an input signal is above the threshold reference level, the setting of this control determines the number of decibels by which the input signal must change in level to produce a 1dB increase in the signal level at the output. A setting of 2:1 indicates an input:output ratio wherein a 2dB increase in input signal (above threshold) will produce a 1dB increase in output signal. A setting of ∞:1 indicates that an infinite increase in input level would be required to raise the output level by 1dB, meaning the output level is constant when the input signal is above threshold. The Compression control covers the entire range from 1:1 to ∞:1. The control curve of the compression potentiometer has been designed to provide total operator control, with scale expansion at the subtle lower ratios for easy, repeatable settings.
How does the Stereo Couple switch work?
When activated, the Stereo Couple switch permits the RMS detectors of both channels to “talk” to one another. The SLAVE channel (right, channel 2) then sends its signal to the MASTER channel (left, channel 1), where the RMS power of the MASTER and SLAVE signals are combined to generate a control voltage. This control voltage is then used to compress both the MASTER and SLAVE channels equally. This dbx process is called True RMS Power Summing™. When compressing a stereo program, only the MASTER channel controls need to be adjusted. The Threshold LEDs, Auto LED, and PeakStop (Plus) LED will not light on the “slave” channel when the 160SL is stereo linked. The Bypass switch and LED, Sidechain switch and LED, and the Meter Mode switches and LEDs remain channel-independent and function normally in linked mode.
What does the Auto switch do?
When the Auto switch is IN (Auto mode), the LED indicator lights, and the 160SL automatically adjusts its attack rate and release time to suit the program envelope. This Auto mode sets the 160SL for the same attack and release characteristics as dbx Models 160, 161, 162, 163, and 164 compressor/limiters, the LED indicator above it turns OFF, and the front panel Attack and Release rate controls determine the maximum rate of gain change and the behavior of the level detector circuitry.
How should I set the Attack and Release controls?
There is no right way to set the Attack and Release controls. Generally, you want a slow enough attack to avoid pumping or breathing sounds caused when background sounds are audibly modulated by the dominant signal energy, yet the release must be fast enough to avoid suppression of the desired signal after a sudden transient or a loud note has decayed. Depending on the desired effect, you might want a very slow attack so that percussive or transient sounds are not restricted, but average volume levels are held within the desired range. A very fast attack setting (control maximum counterclockwise) will cause the 160SL to act like a peak limiter even though RMS detection circuitry is used. Slower attack settings cause the 160SL to act like an RMS or averaging detecting compressor/limiter.
How does the PeakStop®/PeakStopPlus™ function work?
The Stop Level control sets the maximum peak output level irrespective of any other control. PeakStop consists of a sophisticated voltage-controlled Instantaneous Transient Clamp™ that produces a minimum of audible distortion. It rounds the corners of a peak rather than cutting it off sharply, as “clippers” do. By making a signal’s leading and trailing edges curved instead of sharp corners, it reduces the amount of higher odd-order, offensive-sounding harmonics that conventional clipping causes. The level at which PeakStop is activated is adjustable from +4dBu to +30dBu. Small signal excursions above the set value of PeakStop are possible to allow the rounding to occur. Therefore, for applications where you must not exceed a given ceiling, set the PeakStop control 1 to 2dB below the ceiling. To disable the PeakStop function, set the control to OFF (>+30dBu), i.e., above the maximum output level.
PeakStopPlus is made up of two separate parts. The first stage is the Instantaneous Transient Clamp™ which clamps the signal with a soft logarithmic clamp function. This logarithmic function assures that the signal will not exceed the level set by the PeakStopPlus™ Level control by more than 2 dB typically, and that it will not introduce harsh artifacts. The second stage is a unique program limiter featuring Intelligent Predictive Limiting™. Its function is to monitor the input signal and intelligently predict the amount of gain reduction needed to keep the output signal below the ceiling set by the Instantaneous Transient Clamp™. Since the PeakStopPlus™ limiter is a fail-safe limiter, it must come after the Output gain control. If the output gain is set too high as compared to the PeakStopPlus™ Level control, continuous limiting can occur. While PeakStopPlus™ is typically used as a protective function, creative effects can be achieved by intentionally driving the signal into heavy PeakStopPlus™ limiting.
How do I use the 160SL as a line amplifier?
Adjust the Compression control to fully counterclockwise (1:1 position), the Threshold control to full clockwise position (+10), and the Output Gain control to whatever setting is required for the application. As with any amplifier, excessive gain may lead to output clipping of high-level signals. To add compression, adjust the Compression control and the Threshold control to the desired settings.
How can I achieve frequency-weighted compression?
With an equalizer inserted in the sidechain circuit (but not in the audio path), the equalization settings do not shift the timbre or frequency response of the audio signal. They merely alter the threshold response of the compressor on a frequency-weighted basis. With this arrangement, raising certain frequencies on the equalizer causes them to be suppressed in the audio signal. A relatively high threshold setting can allow normal sounds to be unaffected while solo and very loud sounds are held back. Of course, when compression does occur, the level of the entire program is affected. Depending on the threshold setting, lower-level fundamentals or harmonics will not cause compression, and the program is not subject to the phase shift normally caused by program equalization.
What are some sidechain applications with an equalizer?
- During the recording of cymbals and tom-toms, a compressor with an equalizer in the sidechain path can help prevent tape saturation. The equalizer can be adjusted for boost with a peak of about 5kHz, causing the cymbal to be compressed on a very loud crash, stopping tape saturation at high frequencies, where there is less headroom. Gentle tapping of a drumstick or brushing of the cymbal will not be held back. The equalization in the sidechain circuit means that the compressor is not triggered as readily by a loud tom-tom beat as by an equally loud cymbal crash.
- Dipping the equalizer bands causes any sound with dominant energy in the affected register to pull the level up because the 160SL will detect a need for less compression.
- To apply de-essing to vocals (i.e., a reduction of sibilance), use a parametric equalizer in the sidechain circuit and set it for high-frequency boost in the specific frequency range where the vocal hiss or lisp occurs (generally in the 4-6kHz region). This pre-emphasizes the already hissy vocal input to the detector. Used in conjunction with a moderate to high threshold and compression ratio, this arrangement greatly attenuates the essing without affecting the basic sound quality or balance of the voice.
- To increase the sustain of a musical instrument (e.g., a guitar or bass), use an equalizer in the sidechain circuit and boost the EQ in the dominant frequency range of the instrument, along with a fairly low threshold and a moderate compression ratio.
How do I use a filter in the level detector circuit?
The results of inserting a filter in the level detector circuit are basically the same as obtained with an equalizer. Those frequencies passed by the filter are subject to compression (or at least they are subject to considerably more compression than those frequencies outside the passband). Because a passive filter can have insertion loss, it may be necessary to lower the 160SL’s threshold setting to maintain a given amount of gain reduction within the filter passband; this can be determined by monitoring the 160SL’s threshold indicator LEDs.
How can the 160SL protect a multi-way speaker system?
By inserting an equalizer in the detector path, the 160SL can be made more sensitive to frequencies in the range handled by the sensitive drivers. The system can then be run at higher levels and will only be dropped back when damaging, mid-range signals are present.
What is anticipated compression and how is it achieved?
By feeding the program directly to the 160SL’s sidechain return and sending the audio signal through a delay line before the audio input, the unit can anticipate the need for a gain change. With some experimentation, the effect can be that of zero attack time at a given frequency. Additional signal delays beyond this zero time will then cause the compressor to finish reducing the gain before the leading edge of the loud passage even enters the signal input. This will suppress the program material preceding this loud passage. The 160SL will then begin to release (recover from compression) before the loud passage has ended.
How do I connect the 160SL to a mixing board?
If you wish to compress a particular track of a multi-track recording or one channel of a live performance mix, the 160SL output can be directly connected to a line input jack (balanced or not), or wired to an Insert point. In the latter case, the signals could be unbalanced or balanced.
How do I connect musical instruments to the 160SL?
The output of an electric guitar is sometimes not hot enough to drive the 160SL’s input. When this is the case, you should use the PREAMP OUT of your guitar amp (if so equipped) or the output of some other device that is designed to accept low-level instrument inputs (including various stomp boxes and rack mount audio products). Such sources can be balanced or unbalanced; this is no problem. Microphones and bass guitars, like guitars, typically have low-level outputs and must be pre-amplified before feeding the line-level inputs. Instruments like keyboards typically produce a line-level signal and can be connected directly from the instrument’s output to the input.
How do I connect the 160SL to a patch bay?
In the studio, the 160SL may be connected to a patch bay to allow it to be used anywhere in the studio system. In some cases where a balanced source drives the 160SL, a 6dB difference in level will occur when the BYPASS switch is engaged. This is normal.
How do I connect the 160SL for sound reinforcement?
To compress a live mix or protect loudspeakers, connect the 160SL between the source (mixing board or distribution amp) and the power amp(s). If multi-way loudspeakers with low-level electronic crossovers are used, the 160SL(s) should go after the crossover(s). For a stereo system, you can separately stereo couple the two high band crossovers, low band crossovers, etc. If limitations require that you use a single 160SL before a crossover, adding an equalizer to the sidechain may provide some additional protection to your high-frequency components.
What do I do if I require technical support?
If you require technical support, contact dbx Customer Service. Be prepared to accurately describe the problem and know the serial number of your unit, which is printed on a sticker attached to the rear panel.
What is the procedure for factory service?
Before returning a product to the factory for service, refer to the manual and ensure you have correctly followed installation steps and operation procedures. If you are still unable to solve a problem, contact the Customer Service Department at (801) 568-7660 for consultation. If you need to return a product to the factory for service, you MUST contact Customer Service to obtain a Return Authorization Number. No returned products will be accepted at the factory without a Return Authorization Number.
What are the warranty terms?
The warranty is valid only for the original purchaser and only in the United States. The warranty registration card that accompanies this product must be mailed within 30 days after the purchase date to validate this warranty. Proof-of-purchase is considered to be the burden of the consumer. dbx warrants this product, when bought and used solely within the U.S., to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service. dbx liability under this warranty is limited to repairing or, at its discretion, replacing defective materials that show evidence of defect, provided the product is returned to dbx WITH RETURN AUTHORIZATION from the factory, where all parts and labor will be covered up to a period of two years.
What is the Threshold Range of the Compressor?
The threshold range is -40 to +30dBu.
What are the Attack/Release Modes of the Compressor?
The attack/release modes are selectable as Manual or Auto.
What is the Manual Attack Time of the Compressor?
The manual attack time is scalable program-dependent, typically 400dB/msec to 1dB/msec.
What is the Manual Release Time of the Compressor?
The manual release time is scalable program-dependent, typically 4000dB/sec to 10dB/sec.
What is the Threshold Range of the Limiter?
The threshold range is +4 dBu to > +30 dBu (off).
What are the Attack and Release Times of the Instantaneous Transient Clamp® Limiter?
The attack and release times are zero.
What are the Attack and Release Times of the Intelligent Predictive Limiting® Limiter?
The attack time is program-dependent, typically < 5 msec, and the release time is program-dependent, typically 22 dB/sec.
What does the Sidechain Function Switch do?
It routes the external sidechain input signal to the detector.
What does the OverEasy® Function Switch do?
It activates the OverEasy® compression function.
What does the Auto Function Switch do?
It activates automatic program-dependent attack and release times, disabling the manual attack and release controls.
What does the PeakStopPlus® Function Switch do?
It activates the Intelligent Predictive Limiting® (Stage 2) section of the limiter.
What does the Bypass Function Switch do?
It activates the direct input-to-output hard-wire relay bypass. The relay automatically hard-wire bypasses the unit at power-down and provides a power-on delay of 1.5 seconds.
What does the Input Meter Monitor?
It monitors the input signal and shows its level on the VU meter. The peak indicator lights for signals > +27 dBu.
What does the Output Meter Monitor?
It monitors the output signal and shows its level on the VU meter. The peak indicator lights for signals > +27 dBu.
What does the GR Meter Monitor?
It monitors the compressor and PeakStop Plus® limiter and displays the total amount of gain reduction on the lower scale of the VU meter.
What does the Pin 1 Lift (Rear Panel) Function Switch do?
It lifts pin 1 of the input XLR from chassis ground.
What does the Unbal (Rear Panel) Function Switch do?
It unbalances the output, and a 6 dB drop in level will occur.
What does the Ground (Rear Panel) Function Switch do in Balanced Mode?
It references the center tap of the output transformer to chassis ground through a 10 kΩ resistor.
What does the Ground (Rear Panel) Function Switch do in Unbalanced Mode?
It references pin 3 of the output XLR and the center tap of the transformer to chassis ground.
What do the Compressor Threshold Meter Indicators display?
There are 3 LED indicators at Below, OverEasy®, and Above.
What does the Sidechain Indicator display?
There is 1 LED to indicate when an external sidechain is selected.
What does the Auto Indicator display?
There is 1 LED to indicate when Auto mode is selected.
What does the PeakStopPlus® Indicator display?
It is a Bi-Color LED. When the PeakStop Plus® function is not engaged, the LED will be off when the signal is below the Stop Level threshold and will light red when the signal is above the threshold. When the PeakStop Plus® function is engaged, the LED will be green when the signal is below the Stop Level threshold and will turn red when the signal is above the threshold.
What does the Bypass Indicator display?
There is 1 LED to indicate when the 160SL is bypassed.
What do the Input/Output/GR Indicators display?
There are 3 LEDs to indicate which meter mode is selected: Green for input level, yellow for output level, and red for gain reduction.
What Digital Output Module Option is available?
The dbx 704X digital output module is available as an option.
What are the Power Supply Operating Voltage Options?
The operating voltage is factory selected at 100V, 120V, or 220-240VAC 50/60Hz.
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